2017_Iranian_presidential_election

2017 Iranian presidential election

2017 Iranian presidential election

Add article description

Presidential elections were held in Iran on 19 May 2017, the twelfth such elections in Iran. Local elections were held simultaneously.

Quick Facts Turnout, Nominee ...

Candidate registration took place from 11 to 15 April 2017. Incumbent president Hassan Rouhani was eligible to run for re-election. His rivals were the conservatives' top candidate Ebrahim Raisi, the Islamic Coalition Party's Mostafa Mir-Salim and Mostafa Hashemitaba who ran with no partisan support.[1]

Rouhani was re-elected for a second term. According to results announced by the Interior Ministry, Rouhani received 59% of the vote, while his closest rival Ebrahim Raisi received 39%. Rouhani was re-inaugurated on 5 August 2017 taking the oath of office for the second time at the Parliament of Iran.

Electoral system

See also: President of Iran

The president of Iran is elected using the two-round system. To win in the first round, a candidate must receive more than 50% of all votes cast (both valid and invalid).[2]

Eligibility

Any Iranian citizen above 18 years of age was able to register as a presidential candidate. An institution called the Election Monitoring Agency (EMA) and managed by the Guardian Council vets registered candidates and approves a handful to run in the election. The Guardian Council does not publicly announce the reason a particular candidate is rejected, although those reasons are explained to each candidate. Women who register as candidates have invariably been excluded from standing for election by the Council.[3][4]

Timeline

According to the official dates announced on 1 April 2017 by the Ministry of Interior:[5]

  • 11 April – Start of the election process with the Minister of the Interior's order
  • 11–13 April – Governors establish Executive Boards
  • 11–15 April – Registration period for candidates
  • 15 April – Registration ends at 18:00 IRDT
  • 16 April – Guardian Council begins vetting registered candidates
  • 20 April – Guardian Council addresses objections from disqualified candidates
  • 20 April – Final list of candidates announced
  • 21 April – Final candidates launch official campaigns
  • 17 May – End of campaigns
  • 19 May – Election date

Candidates

Registration and vetting process

For a list of candidates disqualified, see List of candidates in the Iranian presidential election, 2017.
Former president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who endorsed his protégé, and former vice president Hamid Baghaei, registered as a candidate along with him.

During the five days period, a total of 1,636 individuals put their name to run for president, an increase over the 686 candidates in the previous election in 2013. Among the candidates was a record number of 137 women.[6] Hundreds of the applicants were ordinary people with no political background[7] and clearly lacked the criteria cited in the article 115 of the constitution, which is being considered among "religious and political rejal" ("men" or "personalities", according to different interpretations).[8] Many criticized the law, which allows almost anyone to register to run.[6] Some intended to gain public attention, including political prisoners Mehdi Khazali and former MP Ghasem Sholeh-Saadi,a millionaire property developer applied from Australia Alireza Ahmadian[9] and some women tried to challenge the judicial interpretation of word rejal as "men", most notably Azam Taleghani.[6][9]

On 20 April 2017 the Guardian Council announced a list of 6 approved candidates. The list contains incumbent president Hassan Rouhani, incumbent vice president Eshaq Jahangiri, Astan Quds Razavi custodian Ebrahim Raisi, Tehran Mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Mostafa Mir-Salim and Mostafa Hashemitaba.[citation needed]

Former president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his vice president Hamid Baghaei were disqualified.[10] Ahmadinejad, who was advised by the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei not to run for the election,[11] wrote a letter in September 2016 to him, pledging that he would not run.[12] On 11 February 2017, he officially declared that he would not back any candidate, however, in a video released on 19 March 2017 he announced his support for Hamid Baghaei[13] and surprised observers by himself registering to run.[14]

Mohammad Gharazi was also among those disqualified, despite being approved as a candidate in 2013.[15]

Approved candidates

More information Candidate, Party affiliation ...

Withdrawals

In his statement, Ghalibaf accused current president Hassan Rouhani of financial mismanagement and asserted that he and his supporters were "revolutionary opportunists."[17] The statement read:

The fight against pseudo-revolutionary opportunists has become highly costly, because this current is gnawing at the roots of the Revolution like a termite...[They] are not only at odds with the intellectual fundaments of original revolutionaries, but also represent a current whose material interests are at risk.[18]

More information Candidate, Party affiliation ...

Campaign

See also: Hassan Rouhani 2017 presidential campaign, Ebrahim Raisi 2017 presidential campaign, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf 2017 presidential campaign, Mostafa Mir-Salim 2017 presidential campaign, and Mostafa Hashemitaba 2017 presidential campaign

Debates and TV programs

Main article: 2017 Iranian presidential election debates

Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) provides each candidate with 210 minutes for campaign talks on TV,[20] and there would be three debate sessions on politics, economics, and social pressing issues aired on Channel 1.[21] On 20 April 2017, Election Campaign Monitoring Commission announced that there would be no live debates and it will broadcast prerecorded,[22] however, after vast criticism from candidates and Iranian people the commission revoked its decision two days later.[23] Candidates are scheduled to air dedicated programmes on IRIB TV channels and radio stations, 555 minutes for each per candidate, and a sum of 1,470 minutes including the debates.[24]

Campaigning platforms and techniques

The election was characterised for usage of populist practices[25][26] and mudslinging.[27] The conservatives launched smear campaigns against the reformist-backed candidate Hassan Rouhani,[1][25] while he initially refrained from campaigning in this way. Rouhani later changed strategy by simply attacking his rivals[28] and the incumbent administration used fearmongering tactics to encourage people to vote.[29]

Role of social media

Social media was traditionally a tool for the reformists to campaign, but the presence of conservatives during the election was unprecedented in Iranian political history.[30]

Third Iranian debate, 2017 election

Telegram instant messaging service, the most widely used messaging application in Iran, reportedly has more than 45 million users in a country of nearly 80 million as of April 2016.[31] It serves as a platform for Iranians to express their political opinions[32] and played an important role in the campaigns for the elections held in 2016 for Parliament and Assembly of Experts.[33] Twitter is blocked in Iran, however, Iranians use proxies to tweet and those that create a buzz, then travel to Telegram channels, where "they can potentially reach a much wider audience" according to BBC.[34]

Two months before election, Iranian Judiciary arrested some pro-Hassan Rouhani Telegram channel administrators for “crimes against public morals and publishing obscenity”.[31]

The campaigners also heavily used Instagram[34] and its feature of airing live videos to stream real-time campaign developments.[35]

Tactical nomination of Jahangiri

Rouhani and I are side-by-side.

— Eshaq Jahangiri[36]

President Rouhani's ally and first vice president Eshaq Jahangiri stood in the election to support him during the campaign and in TV debates,[37] being called as a ‘fender’ or ‘cover candidate’ by Iranian media,[38] who will possibly withdraw in support of the incumbent president.[39] The idea was allegedly recommended by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani,[38] who was a key backer of Rouhani before his death in January 2017.[37] Another reason cited for the nomination was to have an 'alternative candidate' in case the Guardian Council disqualified Rouhani[40] or raise his profile for a bid in 2021 election.[36]

Jahangiri withdrew in favor of Rouhani on 16 May 2017.[citation needed]

Hashemitaba's endorsement of Rouhani

Candidate Mostafa Hashemitaba released a statement on 15 May 2017 and endorsed Rouhani, but refused to quit the race. He said he “will vote for the current president to help extension of this government's constructive approach.”[41]

Conservative consensus candidate

Ghalibaf appeared at Raisi's campaign rally in Tehran's Mosalla, 16 May 2017
Further information: Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces

Among the approved candidates, Ebrahim Raisi, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and Mostafa Mir-Salim were regarded as figures of the conservative camp, which intended to bring one single candidate for the election.[42] Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces (JAMNA), the umbrella organization established to introduce one single consensus candidate for the conservatives finally endorsed both Raisi and Ghalibaf,[1] and it was unclear if any of them would drop out in favor of a fellow conservative.[43]

On 15 May 2017, Ghalibaf gave up his bid in favor of Raisi.[16]

Islamic Coalition Party released a statement on 18 May 2017, announcing it supports Raisi's bid for presidency following the withdrawal of Mostafa Mir-Salim,[44] despite the fact that Mir-Salim denied that he is withdrawing from the race.[45]

Endorsements and positions

More information Organization, Endorsed candidate ...
Religious communities
Exiled opposition

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2017 Iranian presidential election
Results of opinion polls of decided votes conducted by the Washington DC-based firm International Perspectives for Public Opinion (iPPO) between 6–17 May 2017[83]

Voter demographics

More information Demographic subgroup, Votes: Rouhani Raisi ...

Conduct

See also: 2017 Iranian local elections

Voting started at 08:00 on Friday, 29 May 2017 and took place at 63,429 polling stations across Iran, as well as around 14,000 mobile ballot boxes. It involved around 1.5 million executive forces and monitors, 350,000 security forces, 70,000 inspectors, and around 100,000 representatives of local governors.[84] After a "huge rush" of citizens to vote,[85] the polling time was extended for several extra hours until midnight which is the latest possible time allowed by the law.[86]

Among the citizens eligible to vote in the election, about 2.5 million lived abroad and the elections were held in 103 countries, including the United States.[87]

Canada, which hosts at least 400,000 Iranians,[87] does not have diplomatic relations with Iran, a situation which hindered participation of Iranian citizens.[88] However, some traveled to the United States in order to vote.[89]

Allegations of foreign interference

During the elections, several Iranian analysts and officials warned of a possible foreign electoral intervention.

The head of Iran's judicial system, Sadeq Larijani, warned that Iran's enemies made a "huge investment" to undermine and exploit the elections: "The enemies may want to deal a blow to the Iranian political system during the elections".[90]

On 20 April 2017 Rustam Minnikhanov - President of Tatarstan and Vladimir Putin's envoy, met with candidate Ebrahim Raisi in Mashhad in Raisi's capacity as Head of Astan Quds Razavi. MP Alireza Rahimi questioned the meeting and asked for explanations about the reasons for it, citing alleged Russian interference in 2016 U.S. election. “The recent meeting raises the suspicion of interference in the elections, which is not appropriate”, he said.[91][92]

According to the official Islamic Republic News Agency, Minnikhanov also met vice president Eshaq Jahangiri in Tehran one day earlier, discussing bilateral relations.[93]

Results

According to final results, 41,366,085 voted from a registered electorate of 56,410,234. Turnout was 73.33%. The Ministry of Interior announced results gradually after midnight (local time), after polls closed. Final results were announced on 8 June 2017.[94]

More information Candidate, Party ...

Provincial votes

The table below displays the official vote tallies by province:

Provinces/districts won by Rouhani
Provinces/districts won by Raisi
More information Province, Rouhani ...

International votes

The table below displays the official vote tallies by country:

Counties won by Rouhani
Counties won by Raisi
More information Country, Rouhani ...

Maps and graphs

  • Iranian presidential election, 2017 by province (shaded)
  • Iranian presidential election, 2017 by province. The size of each pie chart is proportional to the total votes of each province.
  • Iranian presidential election, 2017 by province. The area of each province is proportional to the number of its total votes.
  • Iranian presidential election, 2017 by county
  • Votes received by Rouhani per province and county
  • Votes received by Raisi per province and county
  • Iranian presidential election, 2017 by province. The size of each province is proportional to its population.
  • Result of the Iranian presidential election, 2017 (Bar chart)
  • Result of the Iranian presidential election, 2017 (Pie chart)
  • Voter turnout by each province
  • Overseas Diaspora Votes for 2017 Iranian Presidential Election

Reactions

Domestic

Rouhani's supporters celebrating his re-election in Valiasr Street, Tehran

Tens of thousands of supporters of President Hassan Rouhani poured into the streets of Tehran to celebrate the incumbent's re-election.[95] The Tehran Stock Exchange rallied after the election results came out, extending a recent winning streak to close almost 1% higher at its highest level in three months.[96]

On 21 May 2017, Ebrahim Raisi wrote a letter to the Guardian Council, objecting to the results.[97]

Individuals

  • Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, issued a message commending the Iranian people for their "massive and epic" turnout in the country's twin elections: "The winner of yesterday's elections, is you, the Iranian people, and the Islamic establishment, which has managed to win the increasing trust of this big nation despite the enemies' plot and effort."[citation needed] He did not congratulate Rouhani, contrarily to what had done following the previous election in 2013.[98]
  • Among lost candidates, Mostafa Mir-Salim and Mostafa Hashemitaba both congratulated Rouhani on his reelection,[99] but Ebrahim Raisi did not.[100] Rouhani was also congratulated by withdrawn candidates Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf[101] and Eshaq Jahangiri.[102]
  • Hassan Rouhani made the following remarks in a televised speech following the announcement of his election victory: "Iranians clearly and explicitly sent their message to the world through the Friday elections", adding "Our nation wants to live in peace and friendship with the world, but at the same time, it will accept no humiliation or threat."[citation needed]
  • Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani[103] and Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, Rear Admiral Ali Shamkhani[104] congratulated Rouhani on his reelection to the office.
  • Foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said: "We derive stability not from ‘coalitions’, but from our people, who – unlike many – do vote. Iranians must be respected and are ready to engage."[105] There were some reports that Donald Trump wanted to create a Sunni 'coalition' in the Arab world against Iran during his visit to Saudi Arabia, where elections are an anomaly.[106]

Organizations

  • Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps: On 7 March 2017, IRGC commander-in-chief Gen. Mohammad Ali Jafari said “Like in the past, nobody in the IRGC, neither the guards nor the commanders, is permitted to interfere in the elections politically or factionally and to discredit the candidates”.[107] On 1 May 2017, Deputy IRGC Commander for Political Affairs Gen. Rasoul Sanaei told press that IRGC “will not support any candidate in the May 19 presidential election”.[108]

International

Supranational
  •  United Nations - Secretary-General António Guterres congratulated Hassan Rouhani on his re-election as President of the Islamic Republic of Iran. UN spokesman Stéphane Dujarric, speaking to reporters on Monday evening in New York, said Guterres' message includes a willingness to maintain cooperation with Iran on issues of mutual interest.[109]
  •  European Union - High Representative Federica Mogherini congratulated Rouhani on his victory: "Iranians took passionately part to political life of their country".[110]
States
  •  Afghanistan - President Ashraf Ghani, on behalf of the Afghan people and government, congratulated the people and government of Iran on Rouhani's re-election.[111] Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah also congratulated the re-election of Rouhani in Iran's election.[112]
  •  Armenia - President Serzh Sargsyan sent a congratulatory message to his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani on his re-election.[113] Karekin II, the Armenians' religious leader sent a congratulatory message to President Hassan Rouhani on his reelection. "With your leadership, the fatithful Iranian people would pursue their advances towards their country's development and progress," his message reads.[114]
  •  Azerbaijan - President Ilham Aliyev congratulated his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani on his re-election as president.[115]
  •  Canada - Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland said her country "welcomes President Rouhani's commitment to continue implementing Iran's nuclear obligations under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and to improve the lives of ordinary Iranians."[116]
  •  China - President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory message to his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani on his re-election as president, which will give him a second four-year term.[117]
  •  Croatia - President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic sent a congratulatory message to his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani on his re-election as president.[118]
  •  Cuba - President Raúl Castro congratulated Rouhani on his re-election to the top executive post. Castro also underlined the expansion of mutual cooperation between the two countries.[119]
  •  France - President Emmanuel Macron congratulated Rouhani for his re-election and said this reinforced the hope his government would apply the international nuclear agreement, his office said in a statement.[120]
  •  Georgia - President Giorgi Margvelashvili congratulated the victory of Hassan Rouhani in the election: "I am confident that by your excellent management, the outlook for the expansion of ties between Tehran and Tbilisi is bright, and I am waiting for a visit to reach such goal".[121]
  •  Germany - Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel congratulated Rouhani on his re-election as president, stressing closer cooperation between Germany and Iran.[122]
  •  Hungary - Prime Minister Viktor Orbán congratulated Hassan Rouhani on his re-election. In his message to Rouhani, Orbán said: "I assure you that Hungarian government will continue high-level negotiations with Iran to reinforce economic cooperation and promote ties between the two countries."[123]
  •  India - Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Rouhani on his re-election, calling to strengthen relations with Iran.[124][125]
  •  Iraq — According to the official statement of the Iraqi government office, the Iraqi president Fuad Masum offered his warmest wishes and congratulated Hassan Rouhani on his re-election as the Iranian president.[126] Iraqi Prime Minister Haider Al-Abadi also congratulated President Rouhani for being re-elected as president of Iran and stressed that Iraq has good relations with all the neighboring countries.[127]
  •  Israel — Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman, in an interview published on 11 April 2017, said “I wouldn’t be surprised if during the Iranian election on May 19, somebody assassinates the president of Iran, Hassan Rouhani”.[128]
  •  Italy - President Sergio Mattarella congratulated Rouhani on the occasion of re-election to the top government post, in a message: "I am willing to give my sincerest congratulations in my name and Italy's for the important results achieved in the elections, and I wish success for you in the second term in office".[129] Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni congratulated Rouhani in a message on his Twitter account.[130] He also expressed confidence in friendship between the two nations and in relations between them. Foreign Minister Angelino Alfano, congratulating the victory of Hassan Rouhani, underlined Italy's support for the JCPOA.[131] Matteo Renzi, former Prime Minister and leader of the ruling Democratic Party, called the result of Iran's election "important" and added that victory of Iran's reformists is fundamental to the Middle East region.[130]
  •  Japan - Prime Minister Shinzō Abe congratulated Rouhani on his election victory, voicing hope that the Iranian president will continue to play a constructive role for peace and prosperity in the Middle East.[citation needed] Abe said he was looking forward to working with Rouhani on bolstering cooperation between Tehran and Tokyo in various fields. Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida also sent a similar congratulatory message to the Iranian president.[citation needed]
  •  Kazakhstan - President Nursultan Nazarbayev in a message congratulated Hassan Rouhani on his re-election as the president of Iran. He also hoped that Rouhani's re-election will help promote bilateral ties between Iran and Kazakhstan, as before.[132]
  •  Kuwait - Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Crown Prince Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah and Prime Minister Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah sent separate messages of felicitation to Rouhani.[citation needed]
  •  Lebanon - President Michel Aoun congratulated Rouhani on his re-election, wishing him well during his second term in office: "The world looks forward to continuing the approach of openness and dialogue that you have called for in order to fortify the region from the dangers that beset it". Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri also applauded Rouhani on his presidential victory.[133]
  •  Netherlands - Prime Minister Mark Rutte congratulated President Hassan Rouhani on his re-election in a message. He highlighted Iran's significant role in regional developments and called for deepening bilateral relations between Tehran and Amsterdam.[134]
  •  Nicaragua - President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega and Vice President Rosario Murillo extended their congratulations to Rouhani, on his re-election as President of Iran.[135]
  •  Norway - Foreign minister Borge Brende welcomed the re-election of Iranian President Hassan Rouhani. Brende echoed the sentiment of Germany's Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen, who said Rouhani's re-election sends a message that Iran could be serious about instituting reforms.[95]
  •  Oman - Omani King Sultan Qaboos cabled a message on Saturday to congratulate President Hassan Rouhani on his re-election for a second term. He wished for his successful tenure as the country's president.[136]
  •  Qatar - Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar issued a message congratulating President Rouhani on his return to the office. Prime Minister of Qatar Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani as well as Deputy Emir of the Arab state Abdullah bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani also cabled separate messages to felicitate President Hassan Rouhani on his victory.[137]
  •  Russia - President Vladimir Putin congratulated Rouhani and called for deeper ties between Moscow and Tehran.[138]
  •  Singapore - President Tony Tan Keng Yam congratulated Rouhani on his reelection and said: "Your strong electoral mandate reflects the high level of trust the Iranian people have in you and your tireless efforts to reintegrate Iran into the international community and global economy."[139]
  •  South Africa - President Jacob Zuma congratulated the President of Iran, Hassan Rouhani, on his re-election for a second term. Zuma said South Africa looks forward to working with Iran under President Rouhani to consolidate relations and implement existing agreements.[140]
  •  South Korea - The Government of the Republic of Korea congratulated Rouhani on his re-election and expressed hope that "Iran plays a more constructive role in the international community, moves towards prosperity and development, and promotes its friendship with the ROK in a mutually beneficial way".[141]
  •  Spain - Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy congratulated the re-election of Rouhani in a message: "I am confident that the two countries can help restore peace and stability to the Middle East region".[142]
  •  Sri Lanka - President Maithripala Sirisena cabled a message to President Hassan Rouhani to congratulate his re-election as the country's president. In the message, he expressed the hope to witness bolstering of mutual relations during Rouhani's taking office.[143]
  •  Syria - President Bashar al-Assad congratulated Rouhani. He wished Rouhani and the Iranian people more success, stressing the continuation of work and cooperation with Iran to enhance the security and stability of the two nations, the region and the world.[144]
  •  Tajikistan - President Emomali Rahmon congratulated his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani on his re-election. President Rahmon wrote in a message: "Iran and Tajikistan enjoy excellent ties and beneficial cooperation in different fields, in the wake of their cultural and historic commonalities".[145]
  •  Turkey - President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan congratulated his Iranian counterpart Rouhani over his recent election victory, according to a presidential source. The two leaders who spoke over the phone also vowed to improve bilateral ties.[146]
  •  United Kingdom - Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson congratulated Rouhani, calling for the full implementation of the JCPOA.[147]
  •  United States - Secretary of State Rex Tillerson urged Rouhani to end the country's ballistic missile tests, human rights abuses and what he called its "sponsorship of terrorism".[148]
  •  Vietnam - President Tran Dai Quang released a congratulated message to his Iranian counterpart Rouhani on his re-election. The Vietnamese president hailed the achievements made by the current government in foreign and domestic policies during the past four years.[149]

References

  1. [1]
    "How will Iran's Six Presidential Candidates Campaign", Iranian Diplomacy, 24 April 2017, retrieved 24 April 2017
  2. [2]
    "Iran Live: The Results of the Presidential Election". EA WorldView. 15 June 2013.
  3. [3]
    Karimov, F (8 May 2013). "First female candidate registered for Iranian presidential elections". Trend. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  4. [4]
    "Iran's ban on female presidential candidates contradicts Constitution". Amnesty International. 17 May 2013. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  5. [5]
    Iran's 2017 presidential election timeframe, Mehr News Agency, 2 August 2016, retrieved 1 January 2016
  6. [6]
    Garrett Nada and Daniel Schnur (24 April 2017). "The Race: Election Factoids". The Iran Primer. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  7. [7]
    Mahan Abedin (24 April 2017). "Iran elects: Ahmadinejad may be disqualified, but his influence has staying power". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  8. [8]
    "The most important 8 questions about Iran's elections". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
  9. [9]
    "Iranians Make A Run For It, But They're Already Out Of The Presidential Race". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 15 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  10. [10]
    "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 'disqualified' from Iran elections". Al Jazeera. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  11. [11]
    Erdbrink, Thomas (27 September 2016). "Iran's Supreme Leader Advises Ahmadinejad Not to Run for President". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  12. [12]
    "Iran Ex-president Ahmadinejad Says Won't Run in 2017", VOA, 27 September 2016, retrieved 1 January 2017
  13. [13]
    Saeid Jafari (30 March 2017), "Ahmadinejad retakes spot on Iran's political stage, despite 'advice'", Al-Monitor, retrieved 25 April 2017
  14. [14]
    Rohollah Faghihi (13 April 2017), "Ahmadinejad is running for president in Iran... again", Al-Monitor, retrieved 25 April 2017
  15. [15]
    Warren L. Nelson (21 April 2017). "1,636 seek to become president of Islamic Rep". Iran Times. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  16. [16]
    "Tehran mayor Ghalibaf withdraws candidacy in Iran's presidential candidacy". Tehran Times. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  17. [17]
    "Principlists Close Ranks Before Election Day" (PDF). Kayhan International. Kayhan International. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  18. [18]
    Lucas, Scott (16 May 2017). "Iran Daily: Election — Conservatives & Hardliners Move to Block Rouhani". EA Worldview. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  19. [19]
    "Presidential candidate urges people to vote for Rouhani". IRNA. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  20. [20]
    "TV announces program for presidential candidates". Tehran Times. 16 February 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  21. [21]
    "IRIB to air presidential debates live". Mehr News Agency. 3 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  22. [22]
    "Iran bans live election debates". Al-Monitor. 20 April 2017. Archived from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  23. [23]
    "Iran to air live presidential debate Friday". Iran Daily. 22 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  24. [24]
    "1,470 Minutes For Each Candidate". Tabnak (in Persian). 23 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  25. [25]
    Mohammad Affianian (11 May 2017), "Iran Presidential Vote Overshadowed By Populism", Financial Tribune, retrieved 12 May 2017
  26. [26]
    Roxane Farmanfarmaian (10 May 2017), "Iran's presidential election puts populism to the test", Al Jazeera, retrieved 12 May 2017
  27. [27]
    Najmeh Bozorgmehr (12 May 2017), "Powerful Qom clergy fear loss of influence as Iran election nears", Financial Times, retrieved 12 May 2017
  28. [28]
    Rohollah Faghihi (9 May 2017), "Iran's Rouhani shifts strategy in presidential race", Al-Monitor, archived from the original on 13 May 2017, retrieved 12 May 2017
  29. [29]
    Majid Rafizadeh (7 May 2017), "Iran state TV declares incumbent Rouhani winner in vote for second term", The National, retrieved 12 May 2017
  30. [30]
    Babak Dehghanpisheh (16 May 2017). Peter Graff (ed.). "Iran hardliners join social media free-for-all before vote". Reuters. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  31. [31]
    Arash Karami (13 April 2017). "Iranian government confronts Telegram as election approaches". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  32. [32]
    Melissa Etehad (13 March 2017), "Telegram was the app where Iranians talked politics, Then the government caught on", Los Angeles Times, retrieved 7 May 2017
  33. [33]
    Christopher Miller (26 February 2016). "Messaging app Telegram is shaking up Iran's elections". Mashable. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  34. [34]
    Leyla Khodabakhshi (17 May 2017), "Iran's Instagram election sees rivals battle on social media", BBC, retrieved 17 May 2017
  35. [35]
    Ladane Nasseri (7 May 2017), "Social Media Skirts Censors in Iran as Election Race Heats Up", Bloomberg L.P., retrieved 7 May 2017
  36. [36]
    "Iran election sign-up closes with mayor's last-minute entry", AFP, Al-Monitor, 15 April 2017, retrieved 18 April 2017
  37. [37]
    "Rouhani in, Ahmadinejad out as Iran Guardians pick vote candidates". France24. 20 April 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  38. [38]
    "Vice President Jahangiri to run beside President Rouhani in election, defending and fending for him". The Iran Project. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  39. [39]
    Golnar Motevalli; Ladane Nasseri (16 April 2017). "Rouhani Enters Iran Election Race Focused on His Economic Record". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  40. [40]
    Rohollah Faghihi (18 April 2017), "Is Tehran's mayor lobbying to be only conservative candidate?", Al-Monitor, retrieved 18 April 2017
  41. [41]
    "Presidential candidate says he will vote for Rouhani". IRNA. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  42. [42]
    Rohollah Faghihi (20 April 2017), "Iranian conservative coalition at risk of collapse", Al-Monitor, retrieved 11 April 2017
  43. [43]
    Saeid Jafari (20 April 2017), "As Iran's election nears, cracks appear in conservative camp", Al-Monitor, retrieved 20 April 2017
  44. [44]
    Hassan Rouhvand (19 May 2017), "Iran's presidential hopeful drops bid to back Raisi", Xinhua, retrieved 19 May 2017[dead link]
  45. [45]
    Marie Donovan (19 May 2017), "Iran News Round Up", Critical Threats, retrieved 19 May 2017
  46. [46]
    "Principlists Shift toward Conservative Candidate Ebrahim Raisi", Iranian Diplomacy, 23 April 2017, retrieved 24 April 2017
  47. [47]
    "Qom seminary scholars endorse Raisi", Tehran Times, 30 April 2017, retrieved 30 April 2017
  48. [48]
    "Principlist Bodies Support Raeisi for President", Financial Tribune, 4 May 2016, retrieved 21 April 2017
  49. [49]
    "Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader Supported Raisi", Tasnim, 15 May 2017, retrieved 15 May 2017
  50. [50]
    "YEKTA Front Supported Raisi", Tasnim News Agency, 17 May 2017, retrieved 18 May 2017
  51. [51]
    "Raisi to speak at University of Tehran", Tehran Times, 8 May 2017, retrieved 10 May 2017
  52. [52]
    "Raisi called upon to run for president", Tehran Times, 4 April 2017, retrieved 11 April 2017
  53. [53]
    "Islamic Society of Engineers Supported Raisi", Tasnim, 15 May 2017, retrieved 15 May 2017
  54. [54]
    "Moderation and Development Party to back Rouhani", Tehran Times, 14 January 2017, retrieved 14 January 2017
  55. [55]
    Arash Karami (20 April 2017), "Why some Reformists may not support Rouhani's re-election", Al-Monitor, retrieved 14 January 2017
  56. [56]
    Sadeq Dehqan (22 February 2017), "MP: Reformists will back Rouhani in presidential election", Iran Daily, retrieved 14 April 2017
  57. [57]
    "Agreement of Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers and Association of Combatant Clerics on Supporting Rouhani", ILNA (in Persian), 15 December 2016, DEN-1083333, retrieved 14 April 2017 – via Donya-e-Eqtesad
  58. [58]
    "Pro-Reform Party: No Real Threat to Rouhani's Reelection", Financial Tribune, 12 November 2016, retrieved 21 April 2017
  59. [59]
    "National Trust Party Supports Rouhani: NTP Election Committee Head", ISNA, 20 December 2016, retrieved 21 April 2017
  60. [60]
    "Staunch Support of Rouhani for 2017 Election by Will of the Iranian Nation Party", Fars News Agency (in Persian), 24 February 2017, retrieved 25 April 2017
  61. [61]
    "Hadi Khamenei Declared Support for Rouhani", Donya-e Eqtesad (in Persian), 19 May 2017, retrieved 24 May 2017
  62. [62]
    "Support of Rouhani's Candidacy by Islamic Association of University Instructors", ISNA (in Persian), 28 April 2017, retrieved 28 April 2017
  63. [63]
    "Islamic Iran Solidarity Party Supports Rouhani for President next Year", ILNA (in Persian), 1 February 2017, retrieved 28 April 2017
  64. [64]
    "Kavakebian: Democracy Party's main agenda is to support Hassan Rouhani", ISNA (in Persian), 23 April 2017, retrieved 23 April 2017
  65. [65]
    "Supporting Rouhani is Mandatory to Maintain the Stability within the Country", IRNA, 16 October 2016, retrieved 25 April 2017
  66. [66]
    "All Trade Unions Support Rouhani", ILNA (in Persian), 19 April 2017, 480318, retrieved 23 April 2017
  67. [67]
    "Dr. Ebrahim Yazdi: We Will Vote For Rouhani", Ensaf (in Persian), 2 May 2017, retrieved 2 May 2017
  68. [68]
    "Kurdish group shows 'conditional' support for Rouhani's second-term in office", Rudaw, 3 May 2017, retrieved 4 May 2017
  69. [69]
    "Iranian Call and Reform Organization's Statement Regarding the 12th Presidential Election and 5th City and Village Islamic Councils Elections", Iranian Call and Reform Organization (in Persian), 8 May 2017, archived from the original on 13 January 2020, retrieved 8 May 2017
  70. [70]
    "Green Path of Hope Supports Rouhani", Radio Zamaneh (in Persian), 10 May 2017, retrieved 10 May 2017
  71. [71]
    "National Front of Iran Declared Support for Rouhani", ILNA (in Persian), 17 May 2017, retrieved 17 May 2017
  72. [72]
    Pejman Abdolmohammadi (15 May 2017), "The Iranian Presidential Election: Will Rouhani be Stopped by the Conservatives?", London School of Economics and Political Science, retrieved 17 May 2017
  73. [73]
    Rohollah Faghihi (19 December 2016), "Iranian conservatives unveil candidates ahead of 2017 presidential vote", Al-Monitor, retrieved 1 January 2016
  74. [74]
    "Will Ghalibaf Run Independent?", Donya-e Eqtesad (in Persian), 11 April 2017, retrieved 24 April 2017
  75. [75]
    "Positive Neutrality: No Common Endorsement From Iran's Armenian Community For Upcoming Presidential Election", Armenpress, 4 May 2017, retrieved 4 May 2017
  76. [76]
    "Cleric Says Most Sunnis Voting For Rouhani", Radio Farda, 15 May 2017, retrieved 15 May 2017
  77. [77]
    "Strategic Council of Iran's Ahl Sunnah and Molavi Abdul Hamid Support Hassan Rouhani", ISNA (in Persian), 14 May 2017, retrieved 15 May 2017
  78. [78]
    "Majlis Ahl Sunnah Fraction Declared Supporting Rouhani", ISNA (in Persian), 15 May 2017, retrieved 15 May 2017
  79. [79]
    "Iran's Kurdish opposition call for boycott of May elections", Rudaw, 28 April 2017, retrieved 4 May 2017
  80. [80]
    "High Kurdish turnout in Iran elections despite opposition boycott".
  81. [81]
    Gilad Shiloach (11 May 2017), "From Outside Iran, Opposition Calls For Election Boycott", Vocativ, retrieved 11 May 2017
  82. [82]
    "Prince Reza Pahlavi Calls Iran Election 'Fraud'", Radio Farda, 11 May 2017, retrieved 13 May 2017
  83. [83]
    "Poll Results of 17 May", International Perspectives for Public Opinion (iPPO), 18 May 2017, retrieved 18 May 2017
  84. [84]
    Polls Open in Iran Presidential Election, Tasnim News Agency, 19 May 2017, retrieved 21 May 2017
  85. [85]
    Josie Ensor (19 May 2017), Iran polls kept open as 'huge rush' turns out to vote in presidential election, Telegraph, retrieved 21 May 2017
  86. [86]
    Voting extended for last time until midnight, Mehr News Agency, 19 May 2017, retrieved 21 May 2017
  87. [87]
    "Iran's presidential elections to be held in 103 countries". IRNA. 26 April 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  88. [88]
    "Iranians can vote presidential elections in 103 states: Foreign Ministry". Iran Daily. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  89. [89]
    Mojtahedi, Negar (20 May 2017) [19 May 2017]. "Iranian-Canadians drive to U.S. for only option to vote in Iran election". Global News. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  90. [90]
    Judiciary Head warns of enemy interference in elections, Iran News Round Up, Critical Threats Analysts, 21 April 2017, retrieved 23 April 2017
  91. [91]
    "Hardliner Candidate's Meetings Stir New Political Speculations in Iran", Radio Zamaneh, 24 April 2017, retrieved 24 April 2017; "Explanation About the Meeting of Raisi and Putin's Special Envoy", Iran Daily (in Persian)
  92. [92]
    Rohollah Faghihi (26 April 2017), "Is Putin interfering in Iran's presidential elections?", Al-Monitor, retrieved 27 April 2017
  93. [93]
    "Veep: West sanctions created suitable opportunity for Iran, Russia to develop ties", IRNA, 19 April 2017, archived from the original on 24 April 2017, retrieved 24 April 2017
  94. [94]
    "Final results of presidential election by province and county" (in Persian). Ministry of Interior. 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  95. [95]
    "The Latest: Celebrations across Tehran after Rouhani win". Miami Herald. 20 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  96. [96]
    "Iran's Rouhani wins 2nd term by a wide margin". Politico. 20 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  97. [97]
    Rohollah Faghihi (23 May 2017). "Iran's conservatives question election results". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  98. [98]
    Kim Sengupta (20 May 2017). "Iran: Hassan Rouhani warns Trump over 'humiliation and threats' after being re-elected as president in landslide victory". Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  99. [99]
    "Rouhani reelected". Iran Daily. 20 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  100. [100]
    Arash Karami (21 May 2017). "In wake of Rouhani's win, conservative rivals vow to remain on scene". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  101. [101]
    "Qalibaf Congratulates Rouhani on People's 'Epic' Turnout". Iran Front Page. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  102. [102]
    "Iran: President Hassan Rouhani wins re-election with 57 per cent majority". The Indian Express. 20 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  103. [103]
    "Larijani felicitates Rouhani on re-election". Mehr News Agency. 21 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  104. [104]
    "Senior security official congratulates Rouhani's re-election". IRNA. 22 May 2017.
  105. [105]
    "Iran: Hassan Rouhani set for landslide in huge victory for reformists". 20 May 2017.
  106. [106]
    Bozorgmehr, Najmeh; England, Andrew. "Rouhani wins Iran's presidential election". 20 May 2017. Financial Times.
  107. [107]
    "IRGC Staff Forbidden to Interfere in Election: Commander". Tasnim News Agency. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  108. [108]
    "IRGC Not to Support Any Presidential Candidate". Financial Tribune. 1 May 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  109. [109]
    "UN secretary-general congratulates Rouhani on his reelection". 22 May 2017.
  110. [110]
    "Mogherini congratulated Rouhani". 20 May 2017.
  111. [111]
    "Afghan President congratulates Rouhani". 20 May 2017.
  112. [112]
    "Chief Executive of Afghan government congratulates Rouhani". 22 May 2017.
  113. [113]
    "Armenia president congratulates Rouhani". 20 May 2017.
  114. [114]
    "Armenian religious leader congratulates Rouhani on re-election". 22 May 2017.
  115. [115]
    "Azerbaijan President congratulates Rouhani on re-election". 20 May 2017.
  116. [116]
    "Statement by Minister of Foreign Affairs on outcome of Iranian elections". Global Affairs Canada. May 20, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
  117. [117]
    "Xi congratulates Rouhani on re-election as Iranian president". 20 May 2017. Archived from the original on May 20, 2017.
  118. [118]
    "World officials continue congratulating Rouhani". 22 May 2017.
  119. [119]
    "Castro congratulates Rouhani on re-election". 24 May 2017.
  120. [120]
    "France says Rouhani re-election strengthens hope of Iran nuclear deal application". 21 May 2017.
  121. [121]
    "Georgian president congratulates Iranian counterpart on re-election". 22 May 2017.
  122. [122]
    "Gabriel gratuliert iranischem Präsidenten Rohani zur Wiederwahl". 20 May 2017.
  123. [123]
    "Hungarian PM congratulates Rouhani's re-election". 24 May 2017.
  124. [124]
    "Modi congratulated Rouhani". 20 May 2017.
  125. [125]
    "Modi congratulated Rouhani". 20 May 2017.
  126. [126]
    "Iraqi president congratulates Rouhani on re-electiondate=21 May 2017".
  127. [127]
    "Iraqi PM congratulates Rouhani on re-election". 24 May 2017.
  128. [128]
    Jack Moore (11 April 2017). "Israel's Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman 'Wouldn't Be Surprised' if Iran's Rouhani is assassinated in May Election". Newsweek. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  129. [129]
    "Italian president congratulates Rouhani on re-election". 22 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  130. [130]
    "Italian PM congratulates Rouhani on re-election". 21 May 2017.
  131. [131]
    "Italian FM congratulates Rouhani, supports JCPOA". 21 May 2017.
  132. [132]
    "Kazakh president congratulates Iranian counterpart on re-election". 22 May 2017.
  133. [133]
    "Lebanese officials congratulate Iran's Rouhani on re-election". 21 May 2017.
  134. [134]
    "Holland PM congratulates Rouhani on his reelection". 26 May 2017.
  135. [135]
    "Nicaraguan President congratulates Rouhani on reelection". 22 May 2017.
  136. [136]
    "Omani king congratulates President Rouhani over his re-election". 21 May 2017.
  137. [137]
    "Qatari Emir commends Rouhani on victory in election". 22 May 2017.
  138. [138]
    "Putin congratulates Iran's Rouhani on re-election". 20 May 2017.
  139. [139]
    "Singaporean president congratulates Rouhani on his reelection". 23 May 2017.
  140. [140]
    "South Africa: President Zuma Congratulates Iranian President". 21 May 2017.
  141. [141]
    "MOFA Spokesperson's Statement on Outcome of Presidential Election in Iran". 22 May 2017.
  142. [142]
    "Spanish PM congratulates Rouhani on reelection". 21 May 2017.
  143. [143]
    Sri Lankan president congratulates Rouhani on re-election, 24 May 2017
  144. [144]
    "President al-Assad congratulates Rouhani on re-election as Iranian President". 20 May 2017.
  145. [145]
    "Tajik president congratulates Rouhani on re-election". 22 May 2017.
  146. [146]
    "Erdogan congratulates Iran's Rouhani over election win". 24 May 2017.
  147. [147]
    "Foreign Secretary congratulates President Rouhani on his re-election". 20 May 2017.
  148. [148]
    Linge, Mary (20 May 2017). "Tillerson calls out Iran over human rights, terror support". New York Post. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  149. [149]
    "Vietnamese president congratulates Rouhani on re-election". 26 May 2017.

Media related to Iranian presidential election, 2017 at Wikimedia Commons
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article 2017_Iranian_presidential_election, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.