The Big 12 Conference is a group of 14 (originally 12) universities which compete in the NCAA Division I level. The conference was formed in 1994 but did not begin conference play until the fall of 1996. The schools that composed the Big 12 Conference in the most recent 2022–23 season, except West Virginia, were members of either the Big Eight Conference or the Southwest Conference, and have won six national titles including three titles since the inception of the Big 12 Conference.

The conference expanded to 14 members in the 2023–24 season with the arrival of BYU, Cincinnati, Houston, and UCF. Of these schools, only Houston (Southwest Conference) is a former member of either of the Big 12's predecessor leagues. After that season, founding members Oklahoma and Texas will leave for the Southeastern Conference; founding member Colorado will return to the Big 12 after 13 seasons in the Pac-12 Conference; and three other Pac-12 schools, namely Arizona, Arizona State, and Utah, will join the Big 12.

Sources: ^{[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]}

Totals though the end of the 2022-23 season.

*Texas Tech has appeared in 20 tournaments; however, their 1996 Tournament appearance was vacated by the NCAA, officially giving them 19 tournament appearances.

*BYU, UCF, Cincinnati & Houston totals are while members of other conferences

Totals though January 1, 2024. Texas moved from the Frank Erwin Center, its home since 1977, to the new Moody Center after the 2021–22 season, ending its tenure at the former venue with a 548–143 record (.793). Baylor moved from the Ferrell Center, its home since 1988, to the new Foster Pavilion on January 2, 2024 ending its tenure at the former venue with a 411–171 record (.706). BYU, UCF, Cincinnati & Houston are records included as members of another conference.

Totals highlighted in bold signify a first place/championship finish.