Events from the year 1830 in the United States.^[1]

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← 1829 1828 1827 1830 in the United States → 1831 1832 1833
Decades:	1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s
See also:	History of the United States (1789–1849) Timeline of United States history (1820–1859) List of years in the United States

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• January 11 – LaGrange College (now the University of North Alabama) opens, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama.
• January 12–27 – Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina debates the question of states' rights vs. federal authority with Daniel Webster of Massachusetts in the United States Congress.
• March 12 – Craig vs. Missouri: The United States Supreme Court rules that state loan certificates are unconstitutional.
• March 26 – Joseph Smith's religious text "Book of Mormon" is published in Palmyra, New York.
• May 24 – Sarah Josepha Hale's nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb" is published in Boston.
• May 28 – U.S. congress passes the Indian Removal Act.
• September 27 – Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek with Choctaw nation. (First removal treaty signed after the Removal Act.)

• January 7 – Emerson Opdycke, businessman and Union Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (died 1884)
• January 8 – Gouverneur K. Warren, civil engineer and Union Army general in the American Civil War (died 1882)
• January 19 – George B. Cosby, Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War (died 1909)
• January 25 – Thomas W. Palmer, U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1883 to 1889 (died 1913)
• January 31 – James G. Blaine, U.S. Senator from Maine from 1876 to 1881 and U.S. Secretary of State in 1881 and from 1889 to 1892 (died 1893)
• March 1 – Alexander Caldwell U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1871 to 1873 (died 1917)
• March 12 – William F. Brantley, Confederate general in the American Civil War (died 1870)
• March 20 – Eugene Asa Carr, Union Army general in the American Civil War (died 1910)
• April 26 – Thomas M. Norwood, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1871 to 1877 (died 1913)
• May 9 – Harriet Lane, acting First Lady of the United States during James Buchanan's presidency (died 1903)
• May 13 – Zebulon Baird Vance, Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, U.S. Senator (died 1894)
• May 23 –
  • Henry M. Teller, U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1876 to 1882 and from 1885 to 1909 (died 1914)
  • George Lucas Hartsuff, Union Army major general in the American Civil War (died 1874)
• September 7 – Mary Treat, naturalist (died 1923)
• November 8 – Oliver Otis Howard, Union general and United States Army officer (died 1909)
• November 26 – Horace Tabor, U.S. Senator from Colorado in 1883 (died 1899)
• December 8 – William Pitt Kellogg, U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1868 to 1872 and from 1877 to 1883 (died 1918)
• December 10 – Emily Dickinson, poet (died 1886)
• December 13 – James D. Walker, U.S. Senator from Arkansas from 1879 to 1885 (died 1906)

• January 17 – Elizabeth Willing Powel, socialite and Patriot (born 1743)
• February 1 – Thomas W. Cobb, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1824 to 1828 (born 1784)
• June 25 – Ephraim McDowell, physician and pioneer surgeon (born 1771)
• July 2 – Robert H. Adams, U.S. Senator from Mississippi in 1830 (born 1792)
• August 6 – David Walker, African American abolitionist and writer (born 1796)
• August 9 – James Armistead Lafayette, African American slave, Continental Army double agent (born 1748 or 1760)
• September 24 – Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (born 1768)
• October 14 – John McLean, U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1824 to 1825 and from 1829 to 1830 (born 1791)

• Timeline of United States history (1820–1859)