180th meridian

The 180th meridian or antimeridian[1] is the meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a geographical coordinate system. The longitude at this line can be given as either east or west.

On Earth, these two meridians form a great circle that divides the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. The antimeridian mostly passes through the open waters of the Pacific Ocean, but also across land in Russia, Fiji, and Antarctica. An important function of this meridian is its use as the basis for the International Date Line, which snakes around national borders to maintain date consistency within the territories of Russia, the United States, Kiribati, Fiji and New Zealand.

Starting at the North Pole of the Earth and heading south to the South Pole, the 180th meridian passes through:

Co-ordinates (approximate)	Country, territory or sea	Notes
90°0′N 180°0′E	Arctic Ocean	North Pole
71°32′N 180°0′E	Russia	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug — Wrangel Island
70°58′N 180°0′E	Chukchi Sea
68°59′N 180°0′E	Russia	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
65°02′N 180°0′E	Bering Sea
52°0′N 180°0′E	Amchitka Pass	Passing just east of Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska,  United States (at 51°57′N 179°47′E)
51°0′N 180°0′E	Pacific Ocean	Passing just east of Nukulaelae atoll,  Tuvalu (at 9°25′S 179°52′E) Passing just west of the island of Cikobia-i-Lau,  Fiji (at 15°43′S 179°59′W)
16°9′S 180°0′E	Fiji	Islands of Vanua Levu, Rabi, and Taveuni
16°59′S 180°0′E	Pacific Ocean	Passing just east of the island of Moala,  Fiji (at 18°33′S 179°57′E) Passing just west of the island of Totoya,  Fiji (at 19°0′S 179°52′W) Passing just east of the island of Matuku,  Fiji (at 19°10′S 179°47′E)
60°0′S 180°0′E	Southern Ocean
78°13′S 180°0′E	Antarctica	Ross Dependency, claimed by  New Zealand
90°0′S 180°0′E	Antarctica	Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, South Pole

The meridian also passes between (but not particularly close to):

• through the Aleutian Island chain of US territory
• the Gilbert Islands and the Phoenix Islands of Kiribati
• North Island and the Kermadec Islands of New Zealand
• the Bounty Islands and the Chatham Islands, also of New Zealand

The only places where roads cross this meridian are in Fiji and Russia. Fiji has several such roads and some buildings very close to it - and Russia has a single dirt road.