116th_United_States_Congress

116th United States Congress

116th United States Congress

2019–2021 meeting of U.S. legislature

For a general discussion of the United States government's legislative branch, see United States Congress.

The 116th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021, during the final two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Senators elected to regular terms in 2014 finished their terms in this Congress, and House seats were apportioned based on the 2010 census.

Quick Facts January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021, Members ...
116th U.S. Congress House of Representatives member pin

In the November 2018 midterm elections, the Democratic Party won a new majority in the House, while the Republican Party increased its majority in the Senate. Consequently, this was the first split Congress since the 113th Congress of 2013–2015, and the first Republican Senate–Democratic House split since the 99th Congress of 1985–1987. This Congress was the youngest incoming class by mean age, compared to the previous three the incoming class of freshman representatives,[1] and the most demographically diverse in history.

Upon joining the Libertarian Party on May 1, 2020,[2] Justin Amash became the first member of Congress to represent a political party other than the Democrats or the Republicans since Rep. William Carney, who served as a Conservative before switching to the Republican Party in 1985. Before joining the Libertarian Party, Amash had been serving as an independent since his departure from the Republican Party on July 4, 2019.[3] Paul Mitchell also left the Republicans in December 2020, becoming an independent.[4] Neither incumbent ran for re-election.

As of 2024, this was the last time Republicans held Senate seats in Georgia and Colorado, and the last time Democrats held a Senate seat in Alabama.

Major events

2019 State of the Union Address
Robert Mueller's statements as special counsel.
House of Representatives approved two articles of impeachment.
Chief Justice John Roberts presided over the Impeachment trial of Donald Trump

Major legislation

Speaker Nancy Pelosi signed the future Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act.
Congressional Record:
Volume 165 (2019)

Enacted

President Trump signing the Dingell Act, March 12, 2019
President Trump signing the Hong Kong Autonomy Act, together with Executive Order 13936, July 14, 2020
Main article: List of acts of the 116th United States Congress

Proposed (but not enacted)

Main article: List of bills in the 116th United States Congress

Major resolutions

The Green New Deal, championed by Democrats upon their new House majority, was proposed by Senator Ed Markey (speaking) and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (next to him), February 7, 2019

Adopted

Proposed

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section below.

Senate

  • Senate membership
  • Final (from December 2, 2020)
  • Begin (January 3, 2019) – January 8, 2019
  • January 8, 2019 – December 31, 2019
  • December 31, 2019 – January 6, 2020
  • January 6, 2020 – December 2, 2020
More information Affiliation, Party(shading indicates majority caucus) ...

House of Representatives

  • House membership
  • Final (from December 14, 2020)
  • Begin (January 3, 2019) – January 23, 2019
  • January 23, 2019 – February 10, 2019
  • February 10, 2019 – May 21, 2019
  • May 21, 2019 – July 4, 2019
  • July 4, 2019 – September 10, 2019
  • September 10, 2019 – September 23, 2019
  • September 23, 2019 – October 1, 2019
  • October 1, 2019 – October 17, 2019
  • October 17, 2019 – November 3, 2019
  • November 3, 2019 – December 19, 2019
  • December 19, 2019 – January 13, 2020
  • January 13, 2020 – March 30, 2020
  • March 30, 2020 – April 29, 2020
  • April 29, 2020 – May 1, 2020
  • May 1, 2020 – May 12, 2020
  • May 12, 2020 - May 22, 2020
  • May 22, 2020 – June 23, 2020
  • June 23, 2020 – July 17, 2020
  • July 17, 2020 – October 4, 2020
  • October 4, 2020 – December 1, 2020
  • December 1, 2020 – December 7, 2020
  • December 1, 2020 – December 14, 2020
More information Affiliation, Party(shading indicates majority caucus) ...

Leadership

Senate

Senate President
Mike Pence (R)
Senate President pro tempore
Chuck Grassley (R)

Presiding

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

House of Representatives

See also: 2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election
House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi (D)

Presiding

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Demographics

Most members of this Congress were Christian (88.2%), with approximately half being Protestant and 30.5% being Catholic. Jewish membership is 6.4%. Other religions represented included Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. One senator said that she was religiously unaffiliated, while the number of members refusing to specify their religious affiliation increased.[29][30][31]

Roughly 96% of members held college degrees. All but 128 members were white and all but 131 members were men.[32]

Senate

The Senate included 74 men and 26 women, the most women to date. In 6 states, both senators were women; 14 states were represented by 1 man and 1 woman; and 30 states were represented by 2 men. During this Congress, Johnny Isakson retired for health reasons and Kelly Loeffler was appointed, which increased the number of women from 25 after the 2018 elections to 26. There were 91 non-Hispanic white, 4 Hispanic, 2 Black, 2 Asian, and 1 multiracial (Black/Asian) senators. Additionally, 2 senators were LGBTQ+.[1][33][better source needed] The average age of Senators at the beginning of this congress was 62.9 years.[32]

House of Representatives

There were 101 women in the House, the largest number in history.[34] There were 313 non-Hispanic white, 56 Black, 44 Hispanic, 15 Asian, and 4 Native American congress members. Eight were LGBTQ+.[35] Two Democrats — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Donna Shalala — were the youngest (30) and oldest (78) freshmen women in history.[36] Freshmen Rashida Tlaib (D-MI) and Ilhan Omar (DFL-MN) were the first two Muslim women and freshmen Sharice Davids (D-KS) and Deb Haaland (D-NM) were the first two Native American women elected as well.[37] The average age of Members of the House at the beginning of the 116th Congress was 57.6 years.[32]

With the election of Carolyn Maloney as the first woman to chair the House Oversight Committee,[38] women chaired a record six House committees in a single Congress (out of 26 women to ever chair House committees in the history of Congress), including House members Maxine Waters (Financial Services), Nita Lowey (Appropriations), Zoe Lofgren (Administration), Eddie Bernice Johnson (Science, Space and Technology) and Nydia Velázquez (Small Business), as well as Kathy Castor, who chaired the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis.[38] In addition, women chaired a record 39 House subcommittees. Lowey and Kay Granger were also the first women to serve as chair and ranking member of the same committee in the same Congress since the since-defunct Select Committee on the House Beauty Shop, which was chaired and populated entirely by congresswomen during its existence from 1967 to 1977.

Diversity of the freshman class

The demographics of the 116th U.S. Congress freshmen were more diverse than any previous incoming class.[39][40][41]

At least 25 new congressional representatives were Hispanic, Native American, or people of color, and the incoming class included the first Native American women, the first Muslim women, and the two youngest women ever elected.[39] The 116th Congress included more women elected to the House than any previous Congress.[40][41]

Members

Senate

Further information: List of current United States senators

The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 1 seats were contested in the November 2018 elections. In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2020; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2022.

House of Representatives

Caucuses

Main article: Caucuses of the United States Congress

Changes in membership

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
More information State (class), Vacated by ...

House of Representatives

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
More information District, Vacated by ...

Committees

Section contents: Senate, House, Joint

Senate

Main article: List of United States Senate committees
More information Committee, Chair ...

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States House of Representatives committees
More information Committee, Chair ...

Joint

Main article: List of current United States congressional joint committees
More information Committee, Chair ...

Employees and legislative agency directors

Also called "elected" or "appointed" officials, there are many employees of the House and Senate whose leaders are included here.[75]

Senate

House of Representatives

Legislative branch agency directors

See also

Elections

Membership lists

Notes

  1. In Florida: Rick Scott (R) assumed office late January 8, 2019.
  2. In Georgia: Johnny Isakson (R) resigned December 31, 2019; Kelly Loeffler (R) was appointed January 6, 2020, to continue the term.
  3. In Arizona: Mark Kelly (D) replaced interim appointee Martha McSally (R) in a special election.
  4. In North Carolina's 9th district: the November 2018 election results were not certified due to a dispute over voting irregularities. Dan Bishop (R) was elected September 10, 2019.
  5. In Pennsylvania's 12th district: Tom Marino (R) resigned January 23, 2019, and Fred Keller (R) was elected May 21, 2019.
  6. In North Carolina's 3rd district: Walter Jones (R) died February 10, 2019, and Greg Murphy (R) was elected September 10, 2019.
  7. In Michigan's 3rd district: Justin Amash changed parties from Republican to Independent July 4, 2019,[8] then changed to Libertarian May 1, 2020.[2]
  8. In Wisconsin's 7th district: Sean Duffy (R) resigned September 23, 2019, and Tom Tiffany (R) was elected May 12, 2020.
  9. In New York's 27th district: Chris Collins (R) resigned October 1, 2019, and Chris Jacobs (R) was elected June 23, 2020.
  10. In Maryland's 7th district: Elijah Cummings (D) died October 17, 2019, and Kweisi Mfume (D) was elected April 29, 2020.
  11. In California's 25th district: Katie Hill (D) resigned November 3, 2019, and Mike Garcia (R) was elected May 12, 2020.
  12. In New Jersey's 2nd district: Jeff Van Drew changed parties from Democratic to Republican December 19, 2019.
  13. In California's 50th district: Duncan D. Hunter (R) resigned January 13, 2020.
  14. In North Carolina's 11th district: Mark Meadows (R) resigned March 30, 2020.
  15. In Texas's 4th district: John Ratcliffe (R) resigned May 22, 2020.
  16. In Georgia's 5th district: John Lewis (D) died July 17, 2020, and Kwanza Hall (D) was elected December 1, 2020.
  17. In Georgia's 14th district: Tom Graves (R) resigned October 4, 2020.
  18. In California's 8th district: Paul Cook (R) resigned December 7, 2020.
  19. In Michigan's 10th district: Paul Mitchell changed from Republican to Independent.
  20. Loeffler's appointment was "effective December 31, 2019."[44]
  21. The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
  22. Although Sanders ran for U.S. President in the Democratic primary and claimed to be a "bona fide Democrat" in accordance to DNC rules, he is officially an Independent senator who caucuses with the Democrats.[45]
  23. In Michigan's 3rd district: Justin Amash changed from Republican to Independent, July 4, 2019.[8] He became a Libertarian on May 1, 2020.[2]
  24. In New Jersey's 2nd district: Jeff Van Drew changed from Democratic to Republican, December 19, 2019.
  25. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
  26. The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session (calendar year) in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.

References

  1. [1]
    Jin, Beatrice (January 7, 2019) [First published November 23, 2018]. "Congress's incoming class is younger, bluer, and more diverse than ever". Politico. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  2. [2]
    Schultz, Marisa (May 2, 2020). "Amash, taking historic step to White House bid, becomes first Libertarian in Congress: 'I'm in the race to win it'". Fox News. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
  3. [3]
    Welch, Matt (April 29, 2020). "Justin Amash Becomes the First Libertarian Member of Congress". Reason. Reason Foundation. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  4. [4]
    Tapper, Jake (December 14, 2020). "Congressman cites Trump's efforts to overturn election in announcing decision to quit GOP". CNN. Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  5. [5]
    Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (January 23, 2019). "Trump Says He'll Delay Speech Until After Shutdown, as Democrats Draft Border Security Plan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  6. [6]
    "Michael D. Cohen's Congressional Testimony". The New York Times. February 27, 2019. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  7. [7]
    U.S. House Approves Resolution Opposing U.S. Troop Withdrawal From Syria, 354-60. C-Span. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  8. [8]
    Conradis, Brandon (July 4, 2019). "Rep. Amash, lone GOP critic of Trump, leaves Republican Party". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
  9. [9]
    "Leadership & Officers". Senate.gov. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  10. [10]
    Wagner, John; DeBonis, Mike (November 14, 2018). "Congressional leadership elections: House Republicans elect Kevin McCarthy as next leader; Pelosi seeks to shore up votes for speaker". The Washington Post PowerPost blog. Archived from the original on February 7, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  11. [11]
    Fandos, Nicholas (November 14, 2018). "House Republicans Pick Kevin McCarthy as Their Next Leader". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  12. [12]
    Bolton, Alexander (November 14, 2018). "McConnell reelected as leader, Thune promoted to whip". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  13. [13]
    Everett, Burgess (September 16, 2014). "Lee to steer Senate panel". POLITICO. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  14. [14]
    "Senator Lankford to Serve on Deputy Whip Team for 116th Congress - U.S. Senator James Lankford of Oklahoma". www.lankford.senate.gov. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  15. [15]
    Lesniewski, Niels (January 3, 2019). "Dick Durbin says he's running for Senate re-election in 2020, unofficially". Roll Call. Archived from the original on January 3, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  16. [16]
    Lesniewski, Niels (November 15, 2018). "Catherine Cortez Masto Becomes First Latina to Lead DSCC". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  17. [17]
    "Schatz, Booker Elevated To Leadership Posts - U.S. Senator Brian Schatz of Hawaii". www.schatz.senate.gov. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  18. [18]
    McPherson, Lindsey (November 28, 2018). "Steny Hoyer Elected House Majority Leader". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  19. [19]
    McPherson, Lindsey (November 28, 2018). "James Clyburn Elected Majority Whip". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  20. [20]
    McPherson, Lindsey (November 28, 2018). "Rep. Ben Ray Luján Elected Assistant Democratic Leader". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  21. [21]
    McPherson, Lindsey (November 28, 2018). "Hakeem Jeffries Wins Democratic Caucus Chair Race Against Barbara Lee". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  22. [22]
    McPherson, Lindsey (November 29, 2018). "Katherine Clark Elected House Democratic Caucus Vice Chair". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  23. [23]
    Pathé, Simone (November 29, 2018). "Cheri Bustos Elected DCCC Chair". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  24. [24]
    McPherson, Lindsey (December 4, 2018). "House Democrats' New Elected Leadership Team Is More Progressive and Diverse". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  25. [25]
    Ferris, Sarah (November 13, 2019). "Rep. Veronica Escobar Wins Freshman Leadership Seat". Politico. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  26. [26]
    "DeGette dropped from chief deputy whip spot". December 13, 2018. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  27. [27]
    "Here's the List of House Republican Leaders for the Next Congress". Roll Call. November 14, 2018. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  28. [28]
    McPherson, Lindsey (November 27, 2018). "Scalise Appoints Rep. Drew Ferguson as House GOP's Chief Deputy Whip". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  29. [29]
    "Faith on the Hill". January 3, 2019. Archived from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  30. [30]
    Women Elected at Historic Levels, But No Surprise Here: White Men Dominate 116th Congress Archived November 21, 2018, at the Wayback Machine November 7, 2018
  31. [31]
    "As Christians split over Trump, minority faiths make their mark". November 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 2, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2019. November 7, 2018
  32. [32]
    "116th United States Congress: A Survey of Books Written by Members". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  33. [33]
    Edmondson, Catie; Lee, Jasmine C. (November 28, 2018). "Meet the New Freshmen in Congress: More Democrats, Diversity and Women". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  34. [34]
    "A record number of women will be serving in the new Congress". Pew Research. December 18, 2018. Archived from the original on December 29, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  35. [35]
    Panetta, Grace; Lee, Samantha (December 16, 2018). "This one graphic shows how much more diverse the House of Representatives will become in January". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
  36. [36]
    Grow, Jason (January 18, 2019). "'We Call Ourselves the Badasses': Meet the New Women of Congress". POLITICO. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  37. [37]
    "First Native American congresswomen hug after swearing-in". CNN. January 3, 2019. Archived from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  38. [38]
    Ferris, Sarah (November 20, 2019). "Rep. Carolyn Maloney wins election to chair House Oversight Committee". POLITICO. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  39. [39]
    Jin, Beatrice (November 23, 2018). "Congress's incoming class is younger, bluer, and more diverse than ever". Politico. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  40. [40]
    Hansen, Claire. "116th Congress by Party, Race, Gender, and Religion: The 116th Congress has the most women and people of color than ever before". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  41. [41]
    Edmondson, Catie (November 28, 2018). "Meet the New Freshmen in Congress". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  42. [42]
    Sonmez, Felicia (January 8, 2019). "Rick Scott sworn in as Florida's newest senator". South Florida SunSentinel. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
  43. [43]
    Mattingly, Phil (August 28, 2019). "Georgia Republican Sen. Johnny Isakson to resign at end of year". CNN. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  44. [44]
    "Kemp Appoints Loeffler to U.S. Senate". Governor Brian P. Kemp Office of the Governor. December 4, 2019. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
  45. [45]
    DiStaso, John (February 22, 2019). "Independent Bernie Sanders to put in writing that he's a 'bona fide' Democrat". WMUR. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  46. [46]
    Marquette, Chris (January 7, 2020). "Duncan Hunter resigns from Congress". Archived from the original on January 8, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2020 – via www.rollcall.com.
  47. [47]
    "John Lewis, Georgia Congressman and Civil Rights Icon, Dies at 80". July 18, 2020. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  48. [48]
    "Cummings, powerful congressman leading Trump probe, has died". AP NEWS. October 17, 2019. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  49. [49]
    "Congressman cites Trump's efforts to overturn election in announcing decision to quit GOP". CNN. December 14, 2020. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  50. [50]
    Sullivan, Kate (February 10, 2019). "Walter Jones dies at 76". CNN. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  51. [51]
    Burke, Michael (January 17, 2019). "GOP Rep. Tom Marino resigns from Congress". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  52. [52]
    "KELLER, Fred - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  53. [53]
    Gilbert, Craig; Beck, Molly (August 26, 2019). "GOP Congressman Sean Duffy says he's stepping down due to new baby". USA Today. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
  54. [54]
    Tia Mitchell, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. "Vice President Pence will swear Kelly Loeffler into the Senate on Monday". ajc. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
  55. [55]
    Felicia, Somnez (December 2, 2020). "Mark Kelly sworn in as senator, giving Arizona two Democratic senators for first time in more than six decades". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  56. [56]
    Caldwell, Leigh Ann (February 21, 2019). "New election ordered in North Carolina House district after possible illegal activities". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  57. [57]
    Jim, Morrill (September 13, 2019). "Rep.-elect Bishop to be sworn in on Tuesday, leaving a scramble for his Senate seat". Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  58. [58]
    Tom Wolf [@GovernorTomWolf] (January 24, 2019). "Having heard the concerns of county officials, I am scheduling the special election to fill the remainder of Congressman Marino's term on May 21, 2019, to coincide with the primary election" (Tweet). Retrieved January 24, 2019 – via Twitter.
  59. [59]
    Jurkowitz, Mark. "The jam-packed sprint to succeed Walter Jones". Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
  60. [60]
    "Friends to Elect Dr. Greg Murphy to Congress". Facebook. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  61. [61]
    "Evers Sets New 7th Congressional District Special Election Date". Wisconsin Public Radio. October 18, 2019. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  62. [62]
    Bowman, Bridget (March 28, 2020). "New York delays presidential primary, special election to June". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  63. [63]
    Pathé, Simone (October 28, 2019). "Maryland governor sets special election date for Cummings' seat". Archived from the original on January 23, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2019 – via www.rollcall.com.
  64. [64]
    "Rep. Katie Hill announces resignation amid allegations of improper relationships with staffer". CNN. October 27, 2019. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  65. [65]
    "Special California election to replace Katie Hill set for March 3". Roll Call. November 15, 2019. Archived from the original on January 23, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  66. [66]
    "Rep. Jeff Van Drew Officially Switches Parties, Pledges 'Undying Support' For Trump". HuffPost. December 19, 2019. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  67. [67]
    Mcentee, Jennifer (January 8, 2020). "Resigning California congressman's seat to be left vacant for year". National Post. Reuters.
  68. [68]
    Burgess, Joel (March 6, 2020). "North Carolina's Mark Meadows will leave Congress early for White House post". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  69. [69]
    Burgess, Joel. "Voting to start in Asheville, WNC congressional runoff after coronavirus delay". Citizen Times. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  70. [70]
    Niesse, Mark (July 27, 2020). "Special election set to fill John Lewis' seat in Congress". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
  71. [71]
    Solender, Andrew [@AndrewSolender] (December 12, 2018). "The office of @SenSchumer has released an official list of Senate Democratic Ranking Members and Vice Chairmen" (Tweet). Retrieved December 11, 2018 – via Twitter.
  72. [72]
    "Capitol updates". Pawhuska Journal-Capital. December 30, 2019. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2020.finter
  73. [73]
    "Kansas's Moran to lead Veterans Affairs committee". The Daily Interlake. December 28, 2019. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
  74. [74]
    "Leader McCarthy Names Members for the House Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress". February 11, 2019. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  75. [75]
    "Appointed Officials of the House". history.house.gov. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  76. [76]
    "The Office of the Chaplain, United States House of Representatives". Chaplain.House.gov. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  77. [77]
    "CAO Senior Management". Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  78. [78]
    "Parliamentarian of the House". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  79. [79]
    "Sergeant at Arms". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on November 18, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  80. [80]
    "J. Brett Blanton — Twelfth Architect of the Capitol". Architect of the Capitol. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
  81. [81]
    "U.S. GAO - About GAO - Comptroller General". www.gao.gov. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  82. [82]
    "First Day at CBO". www.cbo.gov. June 3, 2019. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  83. [83]
    "About the Librarian". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  84. [84]
    "The White House Announces the Withdrawal of GPO Director Nominee". www.gpo.gov. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  85. [85]
    "Office of Law Revision Counsel". history.house.gov. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  86. [86]
    "Office of House Legislative Counsel". history.house.gov. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article 116th_United_States_Congress, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.